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The term fructose intolerance (also known as fructose malabsorption) refers to an intolerance to fructose. Fructose intolerance occurs in almost 30 percent of Central Europeans, making it one of the most common food intolerances. In comparison, "only" 15 percent of Europeans suffer from lactose intolerance.
Fructose intolerance is a congenital gene mutation that makes it impossible for the body to break down fructose due to a deficiency in a specific liver enzyme. Patients suffering from fructose intolerance develop gastrointestinal disorders as well as life-threatening low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia) and liver dysfunction when consuming fructose, even as infants or young children.
What is fructose?
Fructose stands for fruit sugar. Fructose not only has the same chemical formula as glucose ("grape sugar"). Fructose belongs to the group of carbohydrates and, like glucose (grape sugar), is one of the so-called monosaccharides. Monosaccharides consist of many individual sugar molecules. Since fructose can be produced industrially at very low cost since the 1970s, it is often added to foods and often declared as "natural fruit sweetener".
Why do some people not tolerate fructose?
People with fructose intolerance cannot digest fructose properly. The metabolic disorder can be congenital or acquired. However, this does not mean that those affected have to do without fruit altogether. Small amounts are usually tolerated. The situation is different in the rare hereditary fructose intolerance, in which a very strict fructose intolerance diet must be followed.
Cause
Fructose is normally well absorbed, i.e. it is well absorbed through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. Special transporters in the intestinal mucosa make this possible. In fructose malabsorption (intestinal fructose intolerance), the transport of fructose in the intestine is disturbed.
Less than 25 g of fructose per hour can be absorbed by the body. The fructose is therefore not or only incompletely absorbed.
It therefore reaches deeper parts of the intestine, where it is broken down by bacteria into short-chain fatty acids, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This leads to complaints that can vary depending on the amount absorbed.
Forms
Hereditary fructose intolerance must be distinguished from intestinal fructose intolerance. It is a very rare, congenital form of fructose intolerance caused by the deficiency of an enzyme. Affected individuals must completely avoid fructose in their diet for the rest of their lives. In contrast, many sufferers with intestinal fructose intolerance can tolerate small amounts of fructose, depending on the severity of the condition.
Intestinal fructose intolerance (fructose malabsorption) is a common food intolerance in which the transport of fructose into the blood does not function properly, so that the body can only process a small amount of fructose. As a result, the fructose remains in the digestive tract. Since the fructose is not needed in the small intestine, it enters the large intestine where it is converted by intestinal bacteria. This process is called fermentation. This process produces gases such as methane, carbon and hydrogen. These in turn can cause unpleasant flatulence.
Hereditary fructose intolerance is very rare and a congenital metabolic disorder that is very serious and cannot be cured. The cause of the disease is known to be a deficiency of the enzyme "Aldose B". Due to the insufficient enzyme Aldose B, fructose-1-phosphate is stored in the internal organs of the body, which prevents the formation of glucose from fructose. However, glucose is an essential sugar. Therefore, insufficient conversion in the body leads to hypoglycemia. Anyone suffering from this condition must completely avoid fructose in their diet for the rest of their life.
Symptoms
The symptoms occur after ingestion of foods containing fructose or sorbitol. Sorbitol (also called sorbitol or E 420) is a sugar substitute that can be converted to fructose in the liver. Since sucrose (household sugar) consists of fructose and glucose molecules, the consumption of sucrose also causes symptoms.
As a result of fructose breakdown in the colon, sufferers may experience symptoms such as bloating, cramps, diarrhea, nausea and abdominal noises.
It is also possible that long-term changes occur in the intestinal flora, which can have a negative effect on folic acid production there, among other things.
In the long term, fatigue, depression and irritability may also occur due to reduced absorption of certain nutrients.
Diet for fructose intolerance
Many people suffering from intestinal fructose intolerance can tolerate small amounts of fructose, depending on the severity of the condition. Those affected by hereditary fructose intolerance must completely avoid fructose in their diet for the rest of their lives.
If you're not sure which products are low in fructose, simply scan the barcode with your TIOLI app and find out if other people with fructose intolerance have tolerated that product and, if the product contains ingredients that are intolerant for you.
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Note: The information on this page has been carefully researched, but we do not guarantee its completeness or accuracy. If you have any health problems, please consult your doctor.
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Histaminikus - low-histamine, gluten-free and FODMAP-conscious organic products of the highest quality
Thomas and Michaela are researchers, visionaries, discoverers, encouragers, health consultants and founders of Histaminikus. Their Histaminikus products are developed and lovingly produced according to their own recipes especially for people with intolerances. Their mission, together with their fantastic team, is to develop delicious foods according to their own recipes that are not only low in histamine and gluten-free, but also taste really delicious.
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Fructose intolerance - symptoms, diagnosis & treatment
Fructose intolerance is a rare genetic disorder that affects the way the body processes fructose, a type of sugar found in many foods and beverages. The disorder is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme aldolase B, which is needed to break down fructose in the liver. Symptoms of fructose intolerance include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea and nausea. Treatment for fructose intolerance includes a strict low-fructose diet and, in some cases, vitamin and mineral supplements and medication.
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Painkillers for histamine intolerance
Many people with histamine intolerance are initially unaware that many painkillers are also unsuitable. This is because most painkillers contain so-called histamine liberators. These are substances that release the body's own histamine in mast cells. DAO blockers can also be a problem. DAO is the main degradation pathway in the intestine. Certain substances can inhibit DAO enzyme activity by their presence in the body. As you can see, the question "Which painkillers for histamine intolerance?" is not so easy to answer. On the one hand, it is necessary to check whether the active ingredient is tolerated. On the other hand, it is also necessary to check which excipients are contained in the medication.
